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Universal 517: gender (1 person ) ⇒ gender (2 &, V. 3 person)

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 517: gender (1 person ) ⇒ gender (2 &, V. 3 person)

Original
If a language has gender distinctions in the 1st person, it always has gender distinctions in the 2nd or 3rd person, or in both.
Standardized
IF there are gender distinctions in the 1st person [of the personal pronoun], THEN there are gender distinctions in the 2nd and/or 3rd person.
Keywords
pronoun, gender, person, 1, 2, 3
Domain
inflection
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
30 languages of Greenberg 1963 sample
Source
Greenberg 1963: 96, #44
Counterexamples
In Thai (Daic, Austroasiatic) (Uspensky 1965: 214, 1968: 11, 1972: 63) gender (sex) can be distinguished only in the 1st person. Tocharian A (IE) has gender contrast in personal pronouns exclusively in 1st person singular.

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    Supported by Corbett 1991: 131, on the basis of some 200 lgs.

    1. May 2020

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