Universal 519: case marking is ergative > verb agreement is ergative > relativization is ergative > coreferential deletion in purposive constructions is ergative > conjunction reduction is ergative

Universal 519: case marking is ergative > verb agreement is ergative > relativization is ergative > coreferential deletion in purposive constructions is ergative > conjunction reduction is ergative

Original

Hierarchy of ergativity:
In language L,
conjunction reduction is ergative < coreferential deletion in purposive constructions is ergative < relativization is ergative < verb agreement is ergative < case marking is ergative.

Standardized

IF conjunction reduction has ergative alignment, THEN so does coreferential deletion in purposive constructions.
IF coreferential deletion in purposive constructions has ergative alignment, THEN so does relativization.
IF relativization has ergative alignment, THEN so does verb agreement.
IF verb agreement has ergative alignment, THEN so does case marking.

Keywords

alignment, ergativity, conjunction reduction, coreferential deletion, purposive, relativization, verb, agreement, case

Domain

inflection, syntax

Type

implicational hierarchy

Status

achronic

Quality

statistical

Basis

Chukchi (Chukchi-Kamchatkan), Jacaltec, Aguacatec, Mam (all Mayan), Coast Tsimshian (Tsimshianic), Tagalog (W. Malyo-Polynesian), Kalkatungu, Warrungu, Yidiny (all Pama-Nyungan, Australian), Asiatic Eskimo (Eskimo-Aleut)

Source

Kazenin 1994: 78-98

Counterexamples

Tagalog (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian), where verb agreement, being in many respects very non-standard, is active rather than ergative or accusative, while all other processes are ergative (Kazenin 1994: 95)