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Universal 555:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 555:

Original
Absolute forms of cardinal numbers may have overt markers added to the contextual forms, but not vice versa.
Standardized
When there is an overt marker distinguishing absolute and contextual numbers, THEN this marker is added to the contextual form yielding the absolute form, and not vice versa.
Keywords
numeral
Domain
word formation, syntax
Type
no genuine implication; rather: provided that
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical
Basis
56 languages mentioned in Greenberg 1978a
Source
Greenberg 1978a: 287 (#49)
Counterexamples
In Moroccan Arabic (Semitic, Afro-Asiatic), from 11-19 the contextual forms are longer, e.g. hdasel ‘eleven’ (contextual), hdas ‘eleven’ (absolute).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    There is a fair number of languages in which there are distinct counting and discourse forms. In such instances we may call the former absolute and the latter contextual. Note also ##558, 560.

    1. May 2020

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