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Universal 562: Du (¬natural pair noun) ⇒ Du (natural pair noun)

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 562: Du (¬natural pair noun) ⇒ Du (natural pair noun)

Original
If there is a dual with nouns other than those denoting natural pairs, there will be one with natural-pair nouns as well.
Standardized
IF there is a dual with nouns other than those denoting natural pairs, THEN there will be one with natural-pair nouns as well.
Keywords
number, dual, noun, pair
Domain
inflection
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute?
Basis
languages in Humboldt 1830, including Basque (isolate), Greenlandic (Eskimo-Aleut), Saami (Uralic), Tahitian, Malay (both Malayo-Polynesian), Indo-European (e.g. Sanskrit, Ancient Greek), Semitic languages, American languages (e.g. Quechua, Totonaca, Huasteca, Mapuche, Tamanaca, Chayma)
Source
Humboldt 1830, as interpreted in Plank 1989: 308; Plank 1994b: 232
Counterexamples
Greenlandic Eskimo (Eskimo-Aleut) (before the dual became obsolete) and Nama (Khoisan) limit their nominal dual to nouns other than those denoting natural pairs (Plank 1989: 309).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    The reverse formulation: “If there is a Dual with nouns denoting natural pairs, there will be one with non-natural-pair nouns as well” does not hold. Plank (1989: 309-10) mentions as counterexamples: Maidu (Maiduan), Kâte (Huon, Trans-New Guinea, Papuan), Ngiyambaa (Pama-Nyungan) and Tunica (isolate possibly remotely related to Algonquian). Plank proposes a less restrictive implication: “If in any language some nouns are eligible for dual marking while others are not (or less readily), the criterion is whether or not they denote natural pairs.”Refining this implication, Plank (1996) suggests that two further dual preferences need to be added to the implicatum: animate rather than inanimate, frequently-counted objects rather than other objects.

    1. May 2020

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