Universal 575: Du & Pl (exclusive pronoun) ⇒ Du & Pl (inclusive pronoun)

Universal 575: Du & Pl (exclusive pronoun) ⇒ Du & Pl (inclusive pronoun)

Original

There is no language which distinguishes a Dual and a Plural in the exclusive but not in the inclusive form of pronoun.

Standardized

IF a dual and a plural are distinguished in the 1st person exclusive form of a pronoun, THEN they are also distinguished in the inclusive.

Keywords

number, dual, plural, pronoun, inclusive, exclusive

Domain

inflection

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

absolute

Basis

languages mentioned in Moravcsik 1978b

Source

Moravcsik 1978b: 352

Counterexamples

1. Savo (East Papuan) (Greenberg 1988: 2);2. Yagua (Peba-Yaguan);3. Tübatulabal (Uto-Aztecan) has a dual with 1st person exclusive, but not with 1st person inclusive, at least according to the grammatical description of Voegelin (1935); the accompanying collection of texts, however, tells a different story (caveat credited to M. Cysouw);4. Ngankikurrungkurr (Daly, Australian) (Hoddinott 1988: 94) (credited to M. Cysouw)