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Universal 648:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 648:

Original
In a language in which categories of definiteness are employed to show degrees of respect or social distance, the one used as indefinite or least definite is also used to indicate greater respect or social distance.
Standardized
In a language in which categories of definiteness are employed to show degrees of respect or social distance, the one used as indefinite or least definite is also used to indicate greater respect or social distance.
Keywords
personal pronoun, definite, indefinite, respect, social distance
Domain
inflection, semantics
Type
no genuine implication; rather: provided that
Status
Quality
statistical
Basis
more than one hundred languages in Head 1978
Source
Head 1978: 192,
Counterexamples
German of about 1800 poses a problem for this universal. In its system, the pronoun of identity ((allerhöchst) dieselben), rather than indefinite or least definite pronoun, used as pronoun of most respectful address (Simon 1997).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP
    1. May 2020

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