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Universal 68: #V ⇒ (N A ⇒ N G)

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 68: #V ⇒ (N A ⇒ N G)

Original
If a language has verb-first order, then if the adjective follows the noun, the genitive follows the noun.
Standardized
IF basic order is verb-initial, THEN IF the adjective follows the noun, THEN the genitive follows the noun.
Keywords
order, verb-initial, noun, adjective, attributive, genitive
Domain
syntax
Type
nested implication
Status
achronic
Quality
statistical (according to author absolute)
Basis
sample of 350 languages in Hawkins 1983
Source
Hawkins 1983: 66
Counterexamples
1. VSO & NA & GN: Yagua (Peba-Yaguan) (Payne 1985, 1986, Dryer 1991, 2000).Guajajara (Tupi); Kilivila (Oceanic, Austronesian), Garawa (Garawan, Australian) (Harrison 1983, 1986: 415, Payne 1985, Dryer 1991, 2000).2. #V & NA & GN: Wolio (W. Malayo-Polynesian, Austronesian) (Dryer 1991, 1997).

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. Cf. #67. 2. Dryer 1988: 200: “There is no clear evidence for the correlation between Genitive-Noun and Adjective-Noun order.”3. Since the 1990s, Hawkins proposes alternative explanations of his universals (see e.g. Hawkins 1993: 234).

    1. May 2020

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