Universal 683:

Universal 683:

Original

If syntactic Negation, then the following factors are likely:
a. moveability of Negation;
b. prosodic independence (e.g. the Negation morpheme carries a stress of its own);
c. in written language: orthographic separation;
d. the Negation morpheme by itself carries inflectional affixes.

Standardized

IF negation is syntactic, THEN
a. moveability of Negation;
b. prosodic independence (e.g. the Negation morpheme carries a stress of its own);
c. in written language: orthographic separation;
d. the Negation morpheme by itself carries inflectional affixes.

Keywords

negation, prosodic phrasing, stress, inflection

Domain

syntax, prosodic phonology

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

statistical

Basis

240 languages of Dahl 1979 sample

Source

Dahl 1979

Counterexamples