Skip to content

Universal 706: nasal vowels ⇒ as many or more oral vowels

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 706: nasal vowels ⇒ as many or more oral vowels

Original
The number of vowels in a nasal vowel system is equal to or less than the number in the corresponding oral vowel system.
Standardized
IF there are n nasal vowels, THEN there are at least n oral vowels.
Keywords
vowel, nasal, oral
Domain
phonology
Type
implication
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute
Basis
languages in Isacenko 1937 and in Ferguson 1963, sample of 209 languages in Crothers 1978
Source
Isacenko 1937: 270; Ferguson 1963: 58 (XI), cited in Uspensky 1965: 193; Crothers 1978: 135, cited in Holenstein 1985: 126
Counterexamples

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. Greenberg notes that, in general, the frequency of nasal vowels is much lower than that of corresponding oral vowels, even though there are minimal pairs (Greenberg 1966b, cited in Ferguson 1974: 8).2. A nasal vowel (NV) is a phoneme the most characteristic allophone of which has oral and velar opening and vibration of the vocal cords. (Ferguson 1963: 58) 3. For a similar statement about nasal consonants, see #793.4. More specific versions concerning individual phonemes are ##1818, 1819, 1848.

    1. May 2020

Comments are closed.