1. Primary oral stops are those speech sounds made with a pulmonic air stream and a complete closure of two articulators (as in the single articulations /p,t/) or four articulators (as in the double articulations /kp, gb/). The release of such sounds may be sudden (as in the stops /p,t/) or delayed (as in the affricates /pf, ts/) (Nartey 1979: 17).2. A secondary oral stop is a stop made with extra contributions from articulators other than those involved in the production of a primary oral stop (e.g. lip rounding to produce labialized stops). Also included are those stops that are either preceded or followed by a short period of nasal closure (as in the nasalized sounds), or voiceless vowels (as in the aspirated sounds) (Nartey 1979: 24).
1. Primary oral stops are those speech sounds made with a pulmonic air stream and a complete closure of two articulators (as in the single articulations /p,t/) or four articulators (as in the double articulations /kp, gb/). The release of such sounds may be sudden (as in the stops /p,t/) or delayed (as in the affricates /pf, ts/) (Nartey 1979: 17).2. A secondary oral stop is a stop made with extra contributions from articulators other than those involved in the production of a primary oral stop (e.g. lip rounding to produce labialized stops). Also included are those stops that are either preceded or followed by a short period of nasal closure (as in the nasalized sounds), or voiceless vowels (as in the aspirated sounds) (Nartey 1979: 24).