Universal 863:

Universal 863:

Original

In initial clusters the presence of at least one sequence of voiced nasal + unvoiced homorganic obstruent implies the presence of at least one sequence of voiced nasal + voiced homorganic obstruent.

Standardized

In initial clusters, IF there is at least one sequence of voiced nasal + unvoiced homorganic obstruent, THEN there is at least one sequence of voiced nasal + voiced homorganic obstruent.

Keywords

consonant cluster, initial, phoneme order, voice, nasal, homorganic

Domain

phonology

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

absolute

Basis

sample of 104 languages in Greenberg 1964

Source

Greenberg 1964 [Greenberg 1965: 21, Greenberg 1978e: 260, #22]

Counterexamples