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Universal 89:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 89:

Original
Markers of agreement with direct objects are always formally distinct from markers of agreement with subjects, indirect objects, and adverbial objects. If there are formal similarities they are between non-subject agreement markers.
Standardized
IF there are any formal similarities in agreement markers, THEN they are between non-subject agreement markers.
Keywords
agreement, verb, direct object, indirect object, subject, adverbial object
Domain
inflection, syntax
Type
no genuine implication; rather: provided that
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute?
Basis
languages in Moravcsik 1974
Source
Moravcsik 1974: 29
Counterexamples
Napata Egyptian (specific variety of Egyptian, strongly influenced by another, unknown language, attested c. 600-300 BC in Nubia): identical forms for the markers of agreement with subject, direct object, and indirect object (cf. Peust 1999a). (F. Kammerzell, p.c.)

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    The two statements in the Original strike me as contradictory. Should it be like this? Markers of agreement with subjects are always formally distinct from markers of agreement with direct objects, indirect objects, and adverbial objects. If there are formal similarities they are between non-subject agreement markers.

    1. May 2020

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