Universals Archive
A database of proposed crosslinguistic laws and tendencies in grammar across the world’s languages. 2,029 published entries.
1,237 entries · page 23 of 25
| # | Standardized / Original | Domain | Type | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1802 | IF vowels preceding clusters nasal + stop are lengthened, THEN vowels preceding clusters fricative + stop are lengthened. IF vowels preceding clusters nasal + voiced stop are lengthened, THEN vowels preceding clusters nasal + stop are lengthened. |
phonology | implication | vowel, length, nasal, stop, cluster |
| 1807 | IF there is a voiced alveolar sibilant fricative [z], THEN there is a voiceless alveolar sibilant fricative [s]. | phonology | implication | fricative, sibilant, alveolar, voice |
| 1808 | IF there is a long high back rounded vowel [u:], THEN there is a long high front unrounded vowel [i:]. | phonology | implication | vowel, length, height, back, front, roundedness |
| 1809 | IF there is a voiced dental-alveolar sibilant fricative, THEN there is a voiceless dental-alveolar sibilant fricative. | phonology | implication | fricative, sibilant, dental-alveolar, voice |
| 1810 | IF there is a voiced labial-velar stop, THEN there is a voiceless labiodental fricative. | phonology | implication | fricative, stop, labial-velar, labiodental, voice |
| 1811 | IF there is a prenasalized voiced alveolar stop, THEN there is a prenasalized voiced bilabial stop. | phonology | implication | stop, bilabial, alveolar, voice, prenasalized |
| 1812 | IF there is a voiceless dental-alveolar ejective stop, THEN there is a voiceless velar ejective stop. | phonology | implication | stop, dental-alveolar, velar, voice, ejective |
| 1813 | IF there is a voiced alveolar implosive, THEN there is a voiced bilabial implosive. | phonology | implication | implosive, bilabial, alveolar, voice |
| 1814 | IF there is a voiced palatal stop, THEN there is a voiced bilabial stop. | phonology | implication | stop, palatal, bilabial, voice |
| 1815 | IF there are uvular stops, THEN there are velar stops. | phonology | implication | stop, velar, uvular |
| 1816 | IF there is a voiceless dental-alveolar ejective stop, THEN there is a voiced dental-alveolar nasal. | phonology | implication | stop, nasal, dental-alveolar, ejective, voice |
| 1817 | IF there is a voiceless dental-alveolar sibilant ejective affricate, THEN there is a voiceless velar ejective stop. | phonology | implication | stop, affricate, dental-alveolar, velar, ejective, sibilant, voice |
| 1818 | IF there is a nasalized high back rounded vowel, THEN there is a high back rounded vowel. | phonology | implication | vowel, nasal, high, back, round |
| 1819 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular fricative, THEN there is a also voiceless uvular fricative. | phonology | implication | fricative, labial, uvular, voice |
| 1820 | IF there is a voiceless dental-alveolar sibilant ejective affricate, THEN there is a voiceless dental-alveolar sibilant fricative. | phonology | implication | fricative, dental-alveolar, sibilant, ejective, affricate, voice |
| 1821 | IF there is a voiceless dental-alveolar sibilant ejective affricate, THEN there is a voiced dental-alveolar nasal. | phonology | implication | affricate, nasal, dental-alveolar, sibilant, ejective, voice |
| 1822 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular ejective stop, THEN there is a labialized voiceless uvular fricative. | phonology | implication | stop, fricative, labial, uvular, ejective, voice |
| 1823 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular stop, THEN there is a voiceless uvular stop. | phonology | implication | stop, labial, uvular, voice |
| 1824 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular ejective stop, THEN there is a labialized voiceless velar ejective stop. | phonology | implication | stop, labial, uvular, velar, ejective, voice |
| 1825 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular stop, THEN there is a labialized voiceless velar stop. | phonology | implication | stop, labial, uvular, velar, voice |
| 1826 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular ejective stop, THEN there is a labialized voiceless velar fricative. | phonology | implication | stop, fricative, labial, uvular, velar, ejective, voice |
| 1827 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular ejective stop, THEN there is a voiceless uvular fricative. | phonology | implication | stop, fricative, labial, uvular, ejective, voice |
| 1828 | IF there is a labialized voiceless uvular ejective stop, THEN there is a voiceless uvular ejective stop. | phonology | implication | stop, uvular, ejective, labial, voice |
| 1829 | IF there is a voiced pharyngeal fricative, THEN there is a voiceless pharyngeal fricative. | phonology | implication | fricative, pharyngeal, voice |
| 1830 | IF there is a nasalized high back rounded vowel, THEN there is a high front unrounded vowel. | phonology | implication | vowel, nasal, high, front round |
| 1833 | IF there is a prenasalized labialized voiced velar stop, THEN there is also a prenasalized voiced velar stop. | phonology | implication | stop, velar, labial, prenasalized, voice |
| 1834 | IF there is a prenasalized labialized voiced velar stop, THEN there is also a prenasalized voiced bilabial stop. | phonology | implication | stop, velar, bilabial, labial, prenasalized, voice |
| 1835 | IF there is a laryngealized voiced palatal approximant, THEN there is also a glottal stop. | phonology | implication | stop, approximant, palatal, glottal, laryngeal, voice |
| 1836 | IF there is a laryngealized voiced labial-velar approximant, THEN there is also a glottal stop. | phonology | implication | stop, approximant, labial-velar, glottal, laryngeal, voice |
| 1837 | IF there is a breathy voiced bilabial stop, THEN there is also a breathy voiced velar stop. | phonology | implication | stop, bilabial, velar, breathy, voice |
| 1838 | IF there is a voiceless palatal approximant, THEN there is also a voiceless labial-velar approximant. | phonology | implication | approximant, palatal, labial-velar, voice |
| 1839 | IF there is a voiceless dental-alveolar nasal, THEN there is also a voiceless bilabial nasal. | phonology | implication | nasal, dental-alveolar, bilabial, voice |
| 1840 | IF there is a voiceless velar nasal, THEN there is also a voiceless bilabial nasal. | phonology | implication | nasal, velar, bilabial, voice |
| 1841 | IF there is a voiceless alveolar lateral ejective affricate, THEN there is also a voiceless alveolar sibilant ejective affricate. | phonology | implication | affricate, lateral, alveolar, sibilant, ejective, voice |
| 1842 | IF there is a voiced palatal affricate, THEN there is also a voiceless palatal affricate. | phonology | implication | affricate, palatal, voice |
| 1843 | IF there is a breathy voiced velar stop, THEN there is also a voiceless aspirated velar stop. | phonology | implication | stop, velar, breathy voice, aspirated |
| 1844 | IF there is a voiceless palatal nasal, THEN there is also a voiceless bilabial nasal. | phonology | implication | nasal, palatal, bilabial, voice |
| 1845 | IF there is a long raised low front unrounded vowel, THEN there is also a long high back rounded vowel. | phonology | implication | vowel, round, high, low, long |
| 1846 | IF there is a palatalized voiceless dental-alveolar stop, THEN there is also a voiceless dental-alveolar stop. | phonology | implication | stop, dental-alveolar, palatalized, voice |
| 1847 | IF there is a long raised low front unrounded vowel, THEN there is also a long high front unrounded vowel. | phonology | implication | vowel, unrounded, low, high, front |
| 1848 | IF there is a long nasalized high front unrounded vowel, THEN there is also a long high front unrounded vowel. | phonology | implication | vowel, unrounded, high, front, nasalized |
| 1849 | IF there is a breathy voice bilabial stop, THEN there is also a voiceless aspirated bilabial stop. | phonology | implication | stop, bilabial, aspirated, breathy voice |
| 1850 | IF there is a breathy voice bilabial stop, THEN there is also a voiceless aspirated velar stop. | phonology | implication | stop, bilabial, velar, aspirated, breathy voice |
| 1851 | IF there is a voiced dental trill, THEN there is also a voiceless dental stop. | phonology | implication | stop, trill, dental, voice |
| 1852 | IF there is a breathy voice palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, THEN there is also a breathy voice velar stop. | phonology | implication | stop, affricate, palato-alveolar, velar, sibilant, breathy voice |
| 1853 | IF there is a laryngealized voiced alveolar stop, THEN there is also a laryngealized voiced bilabial stop. | phonology | implication | stop, alveolar, bilabial, laryngealized, voice |
| 1854 | IF there is laryngealized a voiced palatal approximant, THEN there is also the voiceless glottal fricative. | phonology | implication | approximant, fricative, palatal, glottal, laryngealized, voice |
| 1867 | IF there is a acute/grave opposition of compact nasal consonants, THEN there is an identical opposition of compact oral stops. | phonology | implication | consonant, nasal, oral, compact, acute, grave |
| 1868 | IF reduplication is used for grammatical purposes in any other word class, THEN it is also used (for whatever purpose: gradation, superlative, intensification, distributivity, diminution, ...) for adjectives or adjective-derived nouns [perhaps rather: property words]. |
word formation | implication | reduplication, word class, adjective |
| 1882 | Polarity [in gender/number systems] is never complete (i.e., polarity is never the sole configuration of gender/number markers under all circumstances in a given language). | inflection, syntax | unconditional | gender, number, polarity |