Author: FP

Universal 54: Original If in the NP-internal distribution of case a lexically assigned case competes with a structurally or otherwise assigned case, lexical case takes…

Universal 55: VSO ⇒ prepositions Original Languages with dominant VSO order are always prepositional. Standardized IF basic order is VSO, THEN adpositions precede their NPs…

Universal 56: VSO ⇒ N Adj Original With overwhelmingly more than chance frequency, languages with dominant order VSO have the adjective after the noun. Standardized…

Universal 57: Adj N ⇒ Dem N & Num N Original When the descriptive adjective precedes the noun, the demonstrative and the numeral, with overwhelmingly…

Universal 58: Original When the general rule is that the descriptive adjective follows, there may be a minority of adjectives which usually precede, but when…

Universal 59: Original When any or all of these items — demonstrative, numeral, descriptive adjective — precede the noun, they are always found in that…

Universal 60: Adj Adv ⇒ N Adj & VO Original If some or all adverbs follow the adjective they modify, then the language is one…

Universal 61: Standard-marker-adjective ⇒ postpositions;Adjective-marker-standard ⇒ prepositions Original If in comparisons of superiority the only order, or one of the alternative orders, is standard –…

Universal 62: Rel N ⇒ Postposition &/v Adj N Original If the relative expression precedes the noun either as the only construction or as an…

Universal 86: Original If in a language the verb agrees with anything other than subjects and direct objects, it agrees with some or all indirect…