Author: FP

Universal 81: Original There is no language in which an accusative object must be first demoted via dative-shift before it can be relativized. Standardized Relativization…

Universal 80: Original There is no language in which the subject must be first demoted (via passivization) before it can be relativized. Standardized Relativization is…

Universal 79: Original Only languages in which passivization involves (a) the complete assumption of the coding properties of the subject by the promoted object (and…

Universal 78: Original Only languages in which (a) passivization involves complete loss of the semantic case-coding properties of the object and an assumption by it…

Universal 77: Original Only languages in which (a) the accusative is unmarked, (b) in addition when a non-accusative is dative-shifted it loses its nominal case…

Universal 76: Original Only languages in which promotion to subject via passivization results in verb coding the semantic case of the promoted non-agent exhibit the…

Universal 75: N Num ⇒ N A;equivalently: A N ⇒ Num N Original If a language has noun before numeral, then it has noun before…

Universal 74: Prep ⇒ (N Num ⇒ N A) Original If a language has Prep word order, then if the numeral follows the noun, the…

Universal 73: N Dem ⇒ N A; equivalently: A N ⇒ Dem N Original If the demonstrative determiner follows the noun, then the adjective follows…

Universal 72: Prep ⇒ (N Dem ⇒ N A) Original If a language has Prep word order, then if the demonstrative determiner follows the noun,…