Author: FP

Universal 87: Prep ⇒ (N Dem ⇒ N Rel) Original IF a language has Prep word order, then if the demonstrative follows the noun, the…

Universal 86: Original If in a language the verb agrees with anything other than subjects and direct objects, it agrees with some or all indirect…

Universal 85: Original The non-null set of agreeing non-subjects of any language includes some or all direct objects; or in other words, if in a…

Universal 84: Original If in a language the verb agrees with anything, it agrees with some or all subjects. Standardized IF the verb agrees with…

Universal 83: Original There is no language where the accusative is a marked case and non-accusative objects gain that marking in dative-shifting. Standardized When direct…

Universal 82: Original There is no language in which an accusative object must first be demoted via dative-shift before it can be passivized. Standardized Passivization…

Universal 81: Original There is no language in which an accusative object must be first demoted via dative-shift before it can be relativized. Standardized Relativization…

Universal 80: Original There is no language in which the subject must be first demoted (via passivization) before it can be relativized. Standardized Relativization is…

Universal 79: Original Only languages in which passivization involves (a) the complete assumption of the coding properties of the subject by the promoted object (and…

Universal 61: Standard-marker-adjective ⇒ postpositions;Adjective-marker-standard ⇒ prepositions Original If in comparisons of superiority the only order, or one of the alternative orders, is standard –…