Author: FP

Universal 13: Original If direct objects may control agreement (or take case marking) without doing so obligatorily, it will be the more definite and/or the…

Universal 12: VO ⇒ flexion Original Consistent VO languages tend to be inflectional in their morphology. Standardized IF basic order is consistently VO, THEN the…

Universal 14: verb agreement with case-less objects ⇒ verb agreement with case-marked objects Original If verbs agree with objects, they are likelier to do so…

Universal 15: OV ⇒ V Neg & V Caus & V Refl & V Recipr; VO ⇒ Neg V & Caus V & Refl V…

Universal 21: SA with non-possessor case ⇒ SA with possessor case Original In almost all languages if the internal case involved in Suffixaufnahme is a…

Universal 22: Original In all languages, if Suffixaufnahme occurs when the adnominal case is the same as the head case, then it also occurs when…

Universal 23: Original In all languages, the range of cases that can be marked on the head of a Suffixaufnahme construction may never be narrower…

Universal 24: SA with continuous NPs ⇒ SA with discontinuous NPs Original In all languages, if Suffixaufnahme occurs with continuous NPs, it also occurs with…

Universal 25: Original In all languages, if an adnominal nominal preceding the head shows Suffixaufnahme, so does an adnominal nominal of the same type following…

Universal 1: Adp NP ⇒ N G Original In languages with prepositions the genitive almost always follows the governing noun. Standardized IF adpositions precede their…