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Universal 13:

Posted in Universals Archive

Universal 13:

Original
If direct objects may control agreement (or take case marking) without doing so obligatorily, it will be the more definite and/or the more animate direct objects which are agreed with (or case marked) obligatorily.
Standardized
IF direct objects may control verb agreement (or take case marking) without doing so obligatorily, THEN it will be the more definite and/or the more animate direct objects which are agreed with (or case marked) obligatorily.
Keywords
agreement, case, direct object, definite, animate
Domain
inflection, syntax
Type
no genuine implication; rather: provided that
Status
achronic
Quality
absolute?
Basis
unspecified
Source
Plank 1991c: 535, Croft 1988: 161
Counterexamples

One Comment

  1. FP
    FP

    1. Even though direct contraposition does not work, the claim at issue may be of an essentially implicational nature:
    IF less definite and/or less animate direct objects control verb agreement (or are optionally case-marked), THEN more definite and/or more animate direct objects also control verb agreement (or are also case-marked).

    2. Cf. ##46, 488, 1284.

    1. May 2020

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