Category: Universals Archive

Universal 6: case with only zero exponence ⇒ functions of that case include that of encoding IntrSubj Original Where there is a case system, the…

Universal 22: Original In all languages, if Suffixaufnahme occurs when the adnominal case is the same as the head case, then it also occurs when…

Universal 38: Original If a language has Suffixaufnahme both in headed and headless NPs at one time and at some later time it has Suffixaufnahme…

Universal 54: Original If in the NP-internal distribution of case a lexically assigned case competes with a structurally or otherwise assigned case, lexical case takes…

Universal 70: Prep & ¬SVO ⇒ (N A ⇒ N G) Original If a language has prepositions and any verb position other than SVO, then…

Universal 86: Original If in a language the verb agrees with anything other than subjects and direct objects, it agrees with some or all indirect…

Universal 102: Postp ⇒ (Poss N ⇒ G N) Original If a language has Postp word order, then if the possessive adjective precedes the noun,…

Universal 118: Original If in a language, in a sentence the verb agrees with the noun in an oblique case and there is a noun…

Universal 134: Original Ergative languages favour SENT and SENT-POSS ANCs and disfavour POSS-ACC and NOMN ones. Standardized IF there is ergative alignment, THEN action nominalizations…

Universal 150: Original If head nouns have adjective-like inflection, so do adnominal nouns. Standardized IF head nouns have adjective-like inflection, THEN so do adnominal nouns.…