Universal 4: Original If the exponent of vocative is a prefix, then this prefix has arisen from 1st person possessor or a 2nd person subject.…
Universal 4:
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Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett & The Universals Archive
Universals Archive
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Universal 4: Original If the exponent of vocative is a prefix, then this prefix has arisen from 1st person possessor or a 2nd person subject.…
Universal 18: SA multi-level ⇒ SA single-level Original In all languages, if Suffixaufnahme occurs in multi-level possessive constructions, it also occurs in single-level ones. Standardized…
Universal 34: SA ⇒ affix sequences Original If a language has Suffixaufnahme, it also has affix sequences outside the construction. Standardized IF there is Suffixaufnahme,…
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Universal 50: Original In agreement of adnominal modifiers with their heads (NP internal agreement), the agreement features may include case but not person. Standardized The…
Universal 66: OV ⇒ (A N ⇒ GN) Original If a language has OV word order, then if the adjective precedes the noun, the genitive…
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Universal 82: Original There is no language in which an accusative object must first be demoted via dative-shift before it can be passivized. Standardized Passivization…
Universal 98: Postp ⇒ (Adv Adj ⇒ Stand Mark Adj) Original If a language has Postp word order, then if the adverb precedes the adjective…
Universal 114: N Dem ⇒ N Adj Original There is a significant tendency for N Dem languages to have N Adj. Standardized IF nouns precede…
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Universal 130: Original Head-dependent word order is the same in ANCs and non-derived NPs. Standardized IF heads precede/follow dependents in non-derived noun phrases, THEN they…
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Universal 146: Original Tendency: in SOV-languages adjectives can be the head of NPs whereas SVO-languages and VSO-languages tend to require a dummy head noun (‘thing’,…