Month: May 2020

Universal 775: Original Every language must have at least one Primary Nasal Consonant in its inventory. Standardized Every language must have at least one Primary…

Universal 774: Original The number of secondary fricatives in a given language is never greater than that of primary fricatives. Standardized The number of secondary…

Universal 773: secondary fricative ⇒ primary fricative Original No language has secondary fricatives unless it also has primary fricatives. Standardized IF there are secondary fricatives,…

Universal 772: Original In a given language the number of primary fricatives is very unlikely to be greater than the number of stops and affricates…

Universal 771: Original The preferred number of primary fricatives in a given language is two. Standardized The preferred number of primary fricatives in a given…

Universal 770: voiced primary fricative ⇒ unvoiced primary fricative Original The presence of a voiced primary fricative in a language is highly likely to imply…

Universal 769: Original In a given language the number of voiceless primary fricatives is highly likely to be greater than the number of voiced ones.…

Universal 768: Original If a language has only two primary fricatives, the second one is most likely to be /f/. Standardized IF there are only…

Universal 767: Original If a language has only one primary fricative its primary allophone is most likely to be /s/. Standardized IF there is only…

Universal 766: Original There is a highly significant tendency for languages to have at least one primary fricative. Standardized There is at least one primary…