Universal 770: voiced primary fricative ⇒ unvoiced primary fricative

Universal 770: voiced primary fricative ⇒ unvoiced primary fricative

Original

The presence of a voiced primary fricative in a language is highly likely to imply the presence of its voiceless equivalent.

Standardized

IF there is a voiced primary fricative, THEN there is also the corresponding unvoiced primary fricative.

Keywords

fricative, voice

Domain

phonology

Type

implication

Status

achronic

Quality

statistical

Basis

317 language sample from Nartey 1979

Source

Nartey 1979: 8, cited also in Lass 1984: 154

Counterexamples

Gadsup (Trans-New Guinea), Rotokas (East Papuan),Maung (Yiwaidjan, Australian), Tiwi (Tiwi, Australian) (Nartey 1979: 8)