Month: May 2020

Universal 15: OV ⇒ V Neg & V Caus & V Refl & V Recipr; VO ⇒ Neg V & Caus V & Refl V…

Universal 14: verb agreement with case-less objects ⇒ verb agreement with case-marked objects Original If verbs agree with objects, they are likelier to do so…

Universal 12: VO ⇒ flexion Original Consistent VO languages tend to be inflectional in their morphology. Standardized IF basic order is consistently VO, THEN the…

Universal 13: Original If direct objects may control agreement (or take case marking) without doing so obligatorily, it will be the more definite and/or the…

Universal 11: OV ⇒ agglutinative Original Consistent OV languages tend to be agglutinative in their morphology. Standardized IF basic order is consistently OV, THEN the…

Universal 10: Common Proper ⇒ G N Original With much better than chance frequency, if in apposition the common noun usually precedes the proper noun,…

Universal 9: Proper Common ⇒ N G, Common Proper ⇒ G N Original If in apposition the proper noun usually precedes the common noun, then…

Universal 8: SOV v OSV ⇒ case system Original If in a language the verb follows the nominal subject and the nominal object as the…

Universal 7: Original Where morphemes of both number and case are present and both follow or both precede the noun base, the expression of number…

Universal 6: case with only zero exponence ⇒ functions of that case include that of encoding IntrSubj Original Where there is a case system, the…