Universal 932:
- Original
- If a language possesses voiceless syllabic stops, then it possesses voiced syllabic stops.
- Standardized
- IF there are voiceless syllabic stops, THEN there are voiced syllabic stops.
- Keywords
- voice, stop, syllabic, consonant
- Domain
- phonology
- Type
- implication
- Status
- achronic
- Quality
- statistical
- Basis
- 85 language sample in Bell 1978
- Source
- Bell 1978: 186
- Counterexamples
1. A preliminary version of this paper appeared in Working Papers on Language Universals 4, November 1970, which contained a language sample of 182.The present sample given above is a part of this larger one.2. This generalization may not hold for a language without nonsyllabic voiced stops.3. Cf. Nartey’s less restrictive claim (#799): If there is a voiced obstruent, then most likely its voiceless cognate is present as well.